Peter Trudgill
Peter Trudgill investigated the ways in which speech varies among different people. He studied that the final consonant sounds in words are different depending on where you are. For example, in Standard English; the -ng sounds on the end of words are frequently used but in Norwich it is rarely used, and just a -n sound is used, in words like "walkin'" and "talkin"
But this isn't just used in Norwich, he studied. He found that higher class/formal areas or people are more likely to use the -ng, while less formal and lower classes use -n on the end of words.
He also found differences between male and female speech, like nonstandard -in' forms occurred much more often in men's speech than women's, and this was true for all social classes.
Women liked to think that they said the -ng' form a lot more than they really did when questioned about what they said. While men stated that they used the -n' sound more than they really did.
Robin Lakoff
Robin Lakoff was a professor of linguists in California and developed a lot of books and accounts of women's speech. She made conclusions about women's speech, that they use a lot of:
Hedging: using words like "kind of" "sorta
Polite terms: "I appreciate it" "would you mind if"
Tag questions: "You're going to dinner, aren't you?"
Use direct quotation: men tend to paraphrase more.
Apologise more.
Speak less frequently.
Use more intensifiers such as "so" and "very"
Lack of sense of humour: don't tell jokes and don't understand punch lines.
Use coarse language.
Use indirect commands and questions .
Have a special lexicon, women have more words for feminine things.
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